16^th International Conference on Breast Pathology and Cancer Diagnosis May 10-11, 2019 Montreal | Canada

Biography:

Workinesh Daba Seboka has completed her B.Sc. at the age of 24 from Addis Ababa University, School of Nursing and Midwifery and Masters of Public Health in Reproductive and Family Health from Addis Ababa University School of Public Health. She is a Lecturer at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery. She has six years of work experience and an expert midwife professional.

Abstract:

Background: In Ethiopia, breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity. Level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of female university students about breast cancer and breast self-examination are not thoroughly examined.

Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices on breast cancer and breast self- examination of female students of the school of medicine and health science, Ambo University, 2017.

Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 204 female students selected from the school of medicine and health science of Ambo University. Excel generated a simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study population using a list of identification card number obtained from university registrar. A self- administered questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practices. SPSS version 23 was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests computed. All p-values <0.05 are set to determine the statistical association.

Result: Majority of the respondents were aged between 20-24 years with mean(±SD) age 21.5(±2.82) years. The largest ethnic group was Oromo (57.2%) and Orthodox (44.8%) was the dominant religion. Though the majority of the respondents (95.3%) had information on breast cancer, nearly half of the respondents do not know its hereditary and curable disease if detected early. About 77% of the respondents cited breast self-examination as a method of early detection of breast cancer. Nearly half of the respondents (49%) had good knowledge score and44.8%oftherespondentshada positive attitude towards breast self-examination. However, only one-third of the respondents had practiced the self-examination. In this study, significant association were observed between knowledge and attitude (χ² =10.832, df =1, P=0.001), knowledge and practice (χ² =28.528, df =1, P=0.000), and attitude and practice (χ² =7.184, df =1, P=0.007).

Biography:

Layane Duarte e Souza is a biologist with a background in breast cancer molecular biology. She has developed her career in breast cancer development and mechanisms of treatment resistance. Currently a Ph.D. student, she uncovers the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer to determine the T lymphocytes landscape in each molecular subtype. This immune population as well the classic breast cancer markers ER, PR and HER2 will be targeted through Raman spectroscopy multiplex imaging (herein described). This way, understanding the immune profile of each subtype will support the safe implementation of immunotherapy for breast cancer patients.

Abstract:

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Canadian women. Currently, diagnosis is based on immunohistochemistry to identify cells expressing estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER and PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). This strategy targets cancer cells to determine the different molecular subtypes and requires one tissue section per marker. Until now, there is no option to detect all markers in the same section. Hence, determination of infiltrated lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment is a crucial step to guide immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy. The single detection would be costly and delay the diagnosis, which impairs the application of tumor landscapes in clinics. The development of simultaneous detection in one tissue section is fundamental to achieve the safe implementation of personalized treatment. Raman spectroscopy imaging emerges as a choice for simultaneous detection of these markers. Raman probes based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) have a unique spectrum, peaks widths of about 2 nm and non-bleaching signal. Each tube (~200nm length, 1.4nm diameter) contains internalized fluorescent dye (β-carotene, sexithiophene) emitting a specific Raman signature. The SWCNT were functionalized with an amine-polyethylene glycol-carboxylic acid (NH2-PEG-COOH) to allow the attachment of antibodies anti-ER and anti-HER2. Immunogold labeling confirmed the attachment of the antibody in the right orientation. Raman probes were used in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissues ER+ and HER2+; also in cell lines MCF-7 (ER+) and SKBR-3 (HER2+). IHC results using tissue and cell lines were compared to Raman imaging to evaluate probes sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary results show that anti-ER and anti-HER2 attach in both tissue and cells; however, the Raman signal is weak, compared to IHC. Currently, we are optimizing the Raman probe to obtain a better signal, as well as optimizing the Raman probe incubation with tissues.

Biography:

Vitalis Ugochukwu Lumanze completed his M.Sc. in Medical Microbiology at the age of 29 years from Imo State University, Imo state Nigeria and before that he obtained his MBBS from Nnamdi Azikiwe University (UNIZIK) Awka, Anambra state Nigeria. he practiced for three (3) years Nnamdi Azikiwe University after which he left to establish Lumanze Clinic Ltd. He is the Medical Director of Lumanze Clinic Ltd, a leading hospital based in Lagos state Nigeria. He is currently pursuing a Ph.D. in Pathology with University of Lagos, Lagos state Nigeria.

Abstract:

Background: Worldwide, breast cancer is the commonest cancer in women and characterized by regional variations and late clinical presentation in low and middle-income countries including Nigeria.

Objectives: The purpose of this communication is to highlight the trends of breast cancer in a Nigerian population in a way to assess the effectiveness of various control measures including mammography instituted to control the disease.

Materials and Methods: Data on new cases of breast cancer registered annually at the cancer registry of the hospital over a period of 5-years were obtained and analyzed. Cancer reporting was voluntary hence data were collected by the active search. Sources of information included pathology laboratories, clinics, and wards, etc. Information abstracted on both patients and cancer included age, sex, bases of diagnosis, incidence date, topography, (primary sites), and morphology among others. Breast cancer was coded as C50, using International Classification of Diseases 10^th edition (ICD 10^th) of the World Health Organization.

Results: There were 568 new cases of breast cancer registered at the cancer registry during the 10-year period, comprising of 7(12.23%) males and 561(98.77%) females. The youngest patient aged 18 years while the oldest was 87 years and the peak age of incidence was the 5th decade. Incidence of breast cancer in male was low and occurred at a relatively older age group. We observed a steady rise in cases of breast cancer at our center.

Conclusion: The steady rise in breast cancer cases in the study population is an indication of inadequate or ineffective control measures to curtail the disease or due to the diversion of global attention to HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in the country. Therefore there is urgent need to step up activities through a non-governmental agency to promote advocacy, national policy on the training of personnel for clinical and self-breast examination, and nationwide screening program (mammography).

Biography:

Elhadi Miskeen, MD, Assistance Professor of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at University of Bisha College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia. Graduated from University of Gezira faculty of Medicine, Sudan in 2003. Awarded clinical MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology from Sudan Medical Specialization Board. He has been actively involved in academic and clinical activities. His areas of interest include; safe motherhood and childhood, students support projects, medical education, social accountability, community empowerment, evidence-based medicine, medical education, and public health. He has carried out research and many publications in related fields with prizes and recognitions awarded. He has been involved in reviewing and editing of national and international medical journals with remarkable achievements.

Abstract:

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and the primary cause of mortality in women worldwide as well as in Saudi Arabia. Education of women is recommended for early detection and treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, perception, and risk awareness about breast cancer among medical students at the University of Bisha, Southern Saudi Arabia.

Methodology: In this institutional-based cross-sectional study 391 medical students from the college of medicine and college of applied sciences were enrolled. The knowledge status was as well as perception were assessed. Likert scale of 1–5 was also employed to rate the responses of participants regarding perception related questions. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age of the respondents was 20.1±1.5 SD. Male was 128 (32.1%) and female were 263 (67.3%). The mean total knowledge score of the students regarding general knowledge, risk factor and symptoms was 70.3%. Majority of the participants 308 (78.8%) believed that woman can enjoy a good quality of life after receiving the treatment for breast cancer. However, only 117 (29.9%) believed that treatments for breast cancer are more helpful to young people. Very few participants 56 (14.3%) believed that breast cancer treatment is embarrassing. However, 124 (31.7%) agreed that the treatment of breast cancer results in the loss of physical beauty. A significant difference in breast cancer knowledge in gender, the male had significantly less knowledge as compared to female (p=0.05).

Conclusion: The curriculum should be updated to increase breast cancer awareness among medical students. Breast cancer awareness campaign with stress the importance of early detection as a part of the social accountability of the university was recommended.

Biography:

Ann E. Fonfa was diagnosed with cancer in January 1993. Thus she is now a 26+ year survivor unable to take chemo, refused radiation, and hormonal therapy, lots of surgeries and many, many natural approaches. She began exploring Integrative Oncology before it was called that. She gathers the evidence around natural cancer strategies, lifestyle issues, and holistic therapies. Small and separate studies demonstrate that lifestyle makes a lot of difference for anyone with cancer at any stage including immediately after diagnosis. Her nonprofit Annie Appleseed Project has been online since June 1999 and has had millions of visits. Board members helped create the concept of 3 Steps 4 Health which is widely distributed as a postcard.

Abstract:

Annie Appleseed Project has been gathering evidence around simple natural steps that can make a big difference in the way people go through cancer treatment. We all agree that there are too much pain and suffering and it can start early on in treatment and sometimes last a very long time. Thus we suggest immediate acceptance and implementation of all 3 Steps. Many epidemiological studies suggest that the Mediterranean diet is an excellent one for health. It is has been shown to reduce cancer risks, heart disease, diabetes, etc. Step 1 of our plan is to eat ONE more fruit and ONE more vegetable each day. We start this so simply because asking people to make huge changes that may benefit their health in many ways, should begin with a step easily taken. Physical activity/movement/exercise has been well studied and shown to be helpful in any stage of cancer, i.e. in treatment and through survivorship, but also shown to improve overall health. Exercise professionals stressed the first 60 minutes a day, then 30 minutes of vigorous physical activity. Lately, studies are showing that just ten minutes daily can make a difference. Step 2 of our plan is to take a walk. Start at ‘your’ level. Stress has been shown to be a major factor in both mental and physical health. It is how stress is handled that seems to matter. Step 3 take 7 deep breaths before bedtime (sleep issues), before treatment or at any time needed.

Biography:

Navpreet Arora has passed her BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) in 2008, from India. She has practiced dentistry for 5 years. Interest to explore new things has brought her to Canada. Cancer was always a fascinating field to her. Currently, she is pursuing her M.Sc. in Dental Sciences (Thesis) at McGill University, Montreal. Her study project is related to breast cancer and pain.

Abstract:

A 3-month prospective cohort study was designed to assess the relationship between the type of surgery and chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) after breast cancer surgery (BCS). 238 female breast cancer patients (18 years or older) were recruited from Segal Cancer Centre, Montreal. Information regarding acute post-operative pain, type of surgery, axillary status, anxiety, depression, CNP and DN-4 score was collected. CNP (outcome) was assessed by telephone using Douleur Neuropathique (DN-4) instrument at 3 months of BCS. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between type of surgery and CNP as well as DN-4 score. At three months following BCS, 44 patients (24%) reported CNP. The most frequent symptoms describing this NP were: burning (31%), itching (31%), numbness (24%), pin and needles (24%). The DN-4 score was positively associated with mastectomy (β=0.77, P=0.04). Participants who received mastectomy were almost 2.5 times as likely to present CNP at three months (OR=2.49, P=0.08) in comparison to those who received segmental mastectomy. This likelihood was specific to participants presenting painful cold (OR=21.6, P=0.01) or pins and needles (OR=4.15, P=0.006). This association was not modified by participants age or their emotional status. Results indicate that mastectomy increases the likelihood of DN-4 score, particularly with Pins and needles and painful cold. Knowing mastectomy may increase the CNP risk, we can seek improvements to the clinical protocol to prevent this risk among patients who need to receive this surgery.

Biography:

Workinesh Daba Seboka has completed her B.Sc. at the age of 24 from Addis Ababa University, School of Nursing and Midwifery and Masters of Public Health in Reproductive and Family Health from Addis Ababa University School of Public Health. She is a Lecturer at Addis Ababa University College of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery. She has six years of work experience and an expert midwife professional.

Abstract:

Background: A diagnosis of breast cancer regardless of the stage can be stressful, impact multiple spheres of life, and disrupt physical status, emotional and spiritual well-being, and personal relationships for the patient and family. In order to adapt, the patient ought to employ certain coping mechanisms.

Objectives: The objective of the study is to assess the coping strategies of women with breast cancer in Black Lion Hospital, oncology department.

Methods: An institutional cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data on coping strategies of women with breast cancer seeking care at Black Lion Hospital, Oncology Department, Addis Ababa Ethiopia from March to April 2016. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect information from study participants. The data collection process was guided by an interviewer to gather information from the study participants. Data coding, entry, and cleaning were accomplished using Epi-Data3.1 after which it was exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis.

Results: The finding of this study showed the most commonly used coping strategies among women with breast cancer seeking care at Black Lion Hospital were self-distraction, planning, behavioral disengagement, and religion. It was found that coping with breast cancer was significantly associated with age less than 49 years which is 5 times more likely than with age greater than 50 years (AOR 4.582; CI95%: 1.532-13.699). Married women were 4 times more likely to cope with breast cancer compared to unmarried women (AOR 3.601; 95%: 1.434-9.044). Being educated secondary school and above is associated 4 times more likely to cope with breast cancer than illiterates.

Conclusion: A diagnosis of breast cancer causes stress to the patient. Predominant coping strategies used were: Self-distraction; planning; behavioural disengagement; and religion. The strategy employed influences adaptation to the diagnosis.